Dynamo-electric machine or electric motor



` 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 `E; B. PARKHURST. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE 0R ELECTRIC MOTOR.

(No Model.)

No. 422,148. @tema Peb. 25, 1890.

ns "sans Perrin ca., wasHmaroN, n. c.

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet; 2,

B. B. PARKHURSTY. DYNAMC ELECTRIC MACHINE CE ELECTRIC MCTCR.

No. 422,148. Patented PC1125. 1890.

xu Nolmls Perra: co., mlsmnnon. o. c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3,

E. B` PARKHURST. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE 0R ELECTRIC MCTOR.

N0. 422.148. Patented Feb. 25,1890.

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@XM/CWM Y 1N: nanars Prrxls cm. wnsnmorml. n. c.

(No Model.) E. B. PARKHURST DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE OR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

`No. 422,148. Patented Feb.25,1890.

5 sheets-sheen 4,

nel/021mg' 12mm (no Model.) 5 sheetssheer a.

E. B. PARKHURST. DYNAMCIBLBCTRIC MACHINE CR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 422,148. Patented Feb.25,1890.

fn: Nanms psrsns ca., wxsumcmu, n. cv

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD B. PARKIIURST, or wonuRN, MAssAcnUsE'r'rs, AssIeNoR To THE FLORENCE Moron COMPANY; or MAINE.

`DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE-OR ELECTRIC MOTOR'.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 422,148, dated February 25, 1890i nppiiaeonnedlugua14,188.9, stanno. 320,699. (remodel.)

1b all whom it Iii/ay concern:

Be itknown that L'EDWARD B. PARKHURST, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Vlfoburn, Middlesex county, in the State of 5 Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefullmprovements in Dynamo-Electric Machines or Electric Motors, o f which the following isa specification.4

M yinvention relates to that class of electric 1o .dynamos, generators, or motors having field and armature magnets arranged radially around a central axis. Such single magnets haveA been in one case so arranged in series as to cause two of the 'field-magnets to act simul'- taneously on an armature-one with an attracting and the other with a repelling fo;ce-`- 'so as to secure their co-operation, which was avery good arrangement, so far asit went, but limited in j scope. In yanother instance zo several series of single magnets have been arranged end to end in series around a common shaft and parallel therewith, yso that one armature of each set acted simultaneously on the corresponding field-magnets once during each revolution. Such an arrangement'involves a longl shaft, complicated apparatus, and occupies a large space.

Th e objects of my invention are to increase the eiciency and uniformity ofthe applica- 3o tion of the power of such a machine in such manner that itsmaximum power will constantly be exerted at all points around the shaft, while securing a compact machine, to which end my improvement comprises in general outline a doubleseries of multiple-field and armature Inagnets circumferentially and concentrically arranged, so thateither or both series may revolve around a common axis, each series of magnets being arranged in cor- 4.o responding groups, so that the several groups of field-magnets simultaneously and succes- .sively act upon their respective groups of armatures so as to exert the greatest'effect.

Each group of eld-magnetsactssuccessively on each group of the entire series of groups of armature-magnets during each revolution; or, in other words, each armature-group acts several times in cach revolution, and, except at such times las the commutator-brushes 5o bridge from one bar to another during the -time one group or set of magnetsis acting,

geous position. several groups' -are located at equidistant ,and armature being successively thrown into action as they. come into the most advanta- -6o Thelnagnets ofeach of the points in the series of armature and field poles, so that torsion and unequal strain onv the armature or frame are avoided. All the 65v I coilsv or magnets in the field successively pass in front of allv the armature-ccils-that is to say, the field `and Varmature coils are in two concentric series and all the movable coils are revolved in front of all the stationary coils, 7o or both might revolve, as is weil understood.l In this case the invention is shown applied to pulley-wheels andV traveling vehicle or car4 wheels, the' rim ofthe wheel in each case constituting part' of .the revolving orv moving 75 .frame of the motor. rlhe arrangement of elec'- tric motor and traveling or traction wheel and pulley is, however, `notmyin vention and is not claimed by me.

In the accompanying' drawings, Figure lis 8o a side elevation of a 'motor-pulley, the rotat- `ing magnets projecting radially inwardly from the rim of the pulley and the stationary magnets projecting outwardly from the fixed center or hub; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal section illustrating the same matter; Fig. 3, a view partly in elevation and partly in section, showing the invention applied to a car or other traction wheel; Fig. 4, a vertical longitudinal section showing the same matter. 9e

Fig. 5 is a diagram view showing circuit-connections, and Figs. 6 and 7 similar diagrams showing other ways of connecting the motor in circuit.

vFor convenience the specific structures shown will first be described.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A indicates a pulley-hanger, and A the shafting. B is the hub revolving with the shaft and carrying the pulley-rim B. The revolving magnets M, Ioo which inay be called the. armature-magnets;

.are here shown as double-pole or horseshoe .tionary hub B2.

C, carried; by some part of the lstructure-'- in this instance by the hangerand a revolving brush c', carried by the shaft, bears upon it. Current may be led to the latter brush by a rubber c2, bearing upon the insnlated ring`c3, that carries the brush-holder.

vIn Figs. 3 and 4 a similar construction is shown. `In these iigures,A represents a carl. mutators and brushes are marked axle, B B', the revolving hub and rim or tread of a car-wheel running upon a rail R;

B2, the non-rotating hub mounted on the car! axle and held against rotation by anl arm D, extending from it andembracing an adjoining axle d. The stationary and moving comsame letters as in Figs. l and 2.

These two constructions illustrate two purposes'to which the invention may be applied. Where it is desired to apply the power of the motor in the ordinary way, the interiorl magnets or coils may be `made to revolvel while f the outer onesremain stationary, and of course the power may be taken from either series of magnets by meansfof any suitable construction, and the field and armature magnets, instead of being arranged in thesame plane, may be arranged in parallel planes, as in dicated in Fig. 5, facing each other, as ,is common. j

Dia-gram View Fig.`5 shows clearly the operation oi the invention. rIherevolving or -armature magnets or coils M are numbered consecutively l, 2, 3, 4,in four series, sixteen magnet-s being shown. The metallic c0mmu-` Later-strips, forty-eight being shown, are simivlai-ly numbered, and all the magnets or coils of like number are connected with all the commutator-bars bearing the` same number. The

comm utator C revolves with the armature, as-

indicated by they arrow, and the brush cis stationary. There are twelve stationaryfield magnets or coils M', and these areconsecutively numbered l, 2, 3, in fourseries. The stationary commutator C has forty-eight strips, which lare correspondingly,numbered, and all the magnets otl like number are connected with all the correspondingly-numbered strips in the com mutator. c is the revolving brush for this commutator. In this diagram the revolving and stationary coils are connected in parallel. The current enters at X,where the circuit di vides into parallel branches. The brauch includes the com mutator-brush c, and the metallic strips of thecommutator C the various revolving or armature coils in multiple and i 'by the l wire w', leading to the conductor X.' The l, the groups of coils 1 l in field and armature, which are, as shown, in a more advantageous relation to each other-than those bearing any of the other numbers, attract eachother, the armature being rotated in the direction of the arrow. As the armature moves forward, the coils or magnets' in the groups ll approach each other, and the commutators transfer the circuits to the groups 2 2,\preferablybet `ore the axes of the groups numbered l become coincident. I The groups 2 2 will then have assumed about the relation that the groups 1 l occupy in the drawingsthat is, the groups 2 2 are now in amore advantageous position, and they alone are active. In like manner, as will be plain from the diagram, the groups 3 3 act, then group 4in the revolving armature and group l in "the field, then group l in the revolving armature andV group 2 in the field,

is active when itis in a position with referresult or power, or nearly so, from the current employed, and each maximum result thus prol duced'acts through a comparatively small portion of the revolution ot the revolving armature.

4The ends'of the brushes may be cut on an angle, as is common,or be sufficiently wide, as shown, to bridge from strip to strip. As the commutator-brushesbridge from one strip to another, two groups ofcoils in each series will during that time be in circuit, and'I preyfer to 4arrange' the timev duringwhich this takes place in the following manner: As the axes of the poles or lcoils of an active group approach closely a position in which they are each nearly coincident with the axis of an opposite active pole or coil, the power of this time'each fbi'us'h bridges to the succeeding commutator-strip,throwing the next group of coils into action. The attraction between start and while they are more removed from each other supplemented by the pull between the preceding groups of coils, and as the second groups come into-more `effective proximity the first groups are cut entirely out. Thus a practically uniform pull equal, or nearly so, :tothe maximum eect the current is capable of producing is constantly applied to the driven part of the,machine. This is the ar,` rangement that I prefer. The brushes may, however, be .so constructed that they will not bridge from one commutator-strip to its neighbor, but will at tim es rest solely upon the intervenin g insulation There are no dead-points.

mutator-brushes being uponstrips numbered l and so on continuously. Each group of coils ..95 ence to another groupto producen maximum loo` IIO

Aattraction betweenvthem decreases, and at the coils of these latter groups is thus at the i the several 49ans It willbe seen. that during each revolution groups of coils are repeatedly lotive.

I have devised means for stopping and reversing the direction of. motion of this motor;

but as that subject-matter forms no part of the invention claimed in this application I- donot show or describe it here, but refer to a full description of the same'in another appli.- cation about to be filed by me.

Any suitable number of magnets o1', coils maybe used in thev fieldand armature, pro- 'vided they are in such number and so arranged, substantially as described and shown,

that they will operate in the manner described.

With this invention there is an application of power at a number of points nearly equidlstant from each other around the-center of rotation, and, the'powerof attraction being exerted' at points relatively far distanti from the center of motion as compared with ordinary ,forms of motors, a long leverage is obtained.

. -Pra tically the` motor gives its maximum the ordinary reducing-gear.

pow rfor all speeds, and I am enabled to apply its power direct and vthus dispense with In either the stationary or revolving series instead of coilsl may employv unwound armatures, permanent magnets, or` merely bars of iron in place-'of the electro-magnets f hereinbefore described, and in that event butv -nected either in series or multiple may vbe connected in series with the coils of a stationary group `lwhich are either in series or multiple. Such connections and the manner of making them will by reference to these figures be'thoroughlyunderstood by those skilled in the art, and specific description is unnecessary.

In' Figs. l,2,3, anda it has not been thought necessary to show the circuit-connections,

since several ways of arranging themV are clearly shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. 4In Figs. l and 2 one branch of the circuit may enter at the rubber c2, the other at the stationary brush c, and both branches of the circuit y, Fig. 5, after passing through their respective series of coils, may terminate in the frameof/ the pulley and thence out through the'hanger. In Figs. and 4 the current derived frbiny an overhead conductor, `or any other conductor, or a source of electric energy on the vehicle may ent-er at the rubber c2 and'at the brush c, thence through the commutators and series of coils to the revolving rim or frame of the wheel and non-rotaryhub und out by the rail 'R or in any other manner. Such matters are merely questions of electrical engineering and capable of variation.'

Having thus fully described the construetion, organization, and operation of my improved electric motor, whatl claim therein` as new and of my owninvention is;

1. The combination, substantially as here- Lis` inbefore set forth, of a series of groups of armature-magnets' anda lcorresponding series of groups of field-magnets arranged concenl trical'ly and 'circuniterentially around an axis,

. about which either orboth revolve, with commutators and circuit-connections so organized that each movable group' acts successively during a 'single revolution on eachlgroup of the opposite series,- so as to develop and utilize the maximum efficiency of. the apparatus.

inbefore set forth, of* ase'i'ies of 'groups of radialarmatureinagnets rotatingA in a, common plane" aboutv acomnion axis anda corresponding` series ot' groups vof radial ieldmagnets concentrically and circlumierentially 2. The combination;.substantiallyasliere,

arranged 'aboutvthe same axis, Withcommututors and circuit-connections by wln'chpeach nets are arranged 1in. parallel, f' and so that each group ofarmatures acts successively in each rovolutionon every group of4 field-inagnets.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of symmetrical groups of armature' magnets and a corre- '.corresponding.. set of armature and iieldmagjy 'sponding series of smaller symmetrical groups of field-magnets, both arranged concentrical'ly around a common axis, about which at least one set ofmagnets revolves v.past and co-opcrates with all the groups of the other set in successionduring each rotation,with circuitconnections andcommutators which so excite the corresponding magnets of each set as to prod nce the maximum working effect through IIO each set ofv groups during the short successive periods of passing each other. V

4. The combination,substantiallyy as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of symmetrical groups of armature -magnets andy a'corresponding series of groups of field-magnets arranged concentrically around a common axis, about which at least one set of magnets revolves past and co-operates with all the groups of theother .set in succession during each rotation, yvith circuit-connections' and commutators, whereby each alternate group in each set is arranged in a separate series bridged by the connnutators in such manner 4as to cause two successive setsof. groups in each series to act with gradually-varying forceto exert a continuous 'pull on each armature during its entire revolution.

,5. The combination, substantially as here-y inbefore set forth, of a series of symmetrical lgroups of armature -magnets and a correaxis, about which at least one set of magnets revolves past `and eo-operates successively with all the groups of the other set in each revolution, the groups of eac-h set being a1'- ranged inalfernate Series and'provided with circuiti-connections, a divided comniutator, and a brush bridging each seb of commutators, so as to cause two successive'J sets of groups in each series to @met for a short` period as their poles pass, with L continuous 1o pull of gradually-varying strength to obtain the maximum ecieney of result.

In testimony whereof l hnvehereunlo sub- 4 scribed my name.

EDWARD Witnesses:

WM. A. MACLEOD, ROBERT WALLACE.

PARK Il U RST. 

